Peptide
Reference library
Educational peptide reference — research use only.
Research & educational use only
For laboratory and educational research only. Not for human or veterinary consumption. This is not medical advice. Always follow applicable laws and consult qualified professionals.
The calculator performs unit math for research reference. It must not be used to plan or guide dosing in humans or animals. Verify all figures independently in your lab protocol.
SS-31
A mitochondria-targeted peptide studied in oxidative-stress research.
- Half-life (approx.)
- ~hours (approx., subQ)
- Diluent
- Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol)
- Common vials
- 5, 10, 50 mg
Half-life figures are literature approximations for educational reference — not pharmacokinetic advice.
Overview
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, studied in heart-failure and rare-disease trials. It binds cardiolipin and reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in preclinical models. Elamipretide — mitochondrial-targeted tetrapeptide binding cardiolipin in inner membrane.
Structure & identity
Aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (elamipretide)
- Sequence / structure
- Aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (elamipretide)
Status: Investigational (elamipretide) for mitochondrial diseases.
Mechanism
Investigational (elamipretide) for mitochondrial diseases.
Aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide binds cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing ROS. ROS reduction and membrane potential preservation studied in heart failure and mitochondrial disease trials.
Studies & clinical programs
Heart failure phase trials
Published research models
- Peer-reviewed literature documents endpoints under Heart failure phase trials experimental designs.
Barth syndrome research
Published research models
- Peer-reviewed literature documents endpoints under Barth syndrome research experimental designs.
Mitochondrial ROS assays
Published research models
- Peer-reviewed literature documents endpoints under Mitochondrial ROS assays experimental designs.
Research models in literature
- Heart failure phase trials
- Barth syndrome research
- Mitochondrial ROS assays
Literature highlights
- Elamipretide binds cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane to reduce ROS in heart-failure trials.
- Barth syndrome and mitochondrial myopathy research programs characterize tissue uptake.
- Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production used as cell-based endpoints.
Combination research notes
Mitochondrial research groups SS-31 with MOTS-c and NAD+ pathway compounds.
Key targets & pathways
Research areas
Routes in research literature
Also known as
Stability & storage phases
| Phase | Condition | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Lyophilized | Sealed vial, refrigerated (2–8 °C) | Intact lyophilized cake or powder is typically stable for months to years per published stability data; protect from moisture, light, and repeated freeze-thaw of the dry vial. |
| Reconstituted | Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol), refrigerated | Most aqueous peptide solutions remain usable for approximately 2–4 weeks refrigerated; verify published stability data and label with reconstitution date. |
| Working aliquots | Pre-drawn syringes or microtubes, frozen (−20 °C) | Aliquot promptly after mixing to limit freeze-thaw cycles on the main vial; thaw once and use to reduce protease-mediated degradation. |
Stability windows are formulation-dependent — verify published data and your lab SOP.
Reconstitution reference table
| Vial (mg) | Diluent (mL) | mcg/mL | Units @ 100 mcg | Units @ 250 mcg | Units @ 500 mcg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 2 | 2500.0 | 4 | 10 | 20 |
| 10 | 2 | 5000.0 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
| 50 | 2 | 25000.0 | 0.4 | 1 | 2 |
U-100 insulin syringe scale (100 units = 1 mL). Illustrative only — not dosing guidance.
Reconstitution steps
- Allow vial to reach room temperature (15–30 min)
- Swab rubber stopper with alcohol prep pad
- Draw calculated bacteriostatic water into syringe
- Inject diluent slowly down vial wall — do not spray directly onto cake
- Gently swirl until fully dissolved — do not shake vigorously
- Label with date, concentration, and diluent volume
- Refrigerate and use within your lab stability window
Typically reconstituted with 1–2 mL bacteriostatic water.
Laboratory record checklist
- Compound identity recorded in lab notebook (name, lot, preparation date)
- Analytical identity cross-checked against published sequence or structure
- Potency or concentration documented from analytical certificate when available
- Purity or HPLC data filed when provided with research material
- Appearance noted: intact lyophilized cake or uniform powder
- Sterility / endotoxin report archived when available
- Storage temperature applied immediately per published stability guidance